The earliest known publication of the term "software" in an engineering context was in August 1953 by Richard R. In 1995, Paul Niquette claimed he had originally coined the term in October 1953, although he could not find any documents supporting his claim. This led many to credit Tukey with coining the term, particularly in obituaries published that same year, although Tukey never claimed credit for any such coinage. In 2000, Fred Shapiro, a librarian at the Yale Law School, published a letter revealing that John Wilder Tukey's 1958 paper "The Teaching of Concrete Mathematics" contained the earliest known usage of the term "software" found in a search of JSTOR's electronic archives, predating the Oxford English Dictionary's citation by two years. Computer science is the theoretical study of computer and software (Turing's essay is an example of computer science), whereas software engineering is the application of engineering principles to development of software. This eventually led to the creation of the academic fields of computer science and software engineering both fields study software and its creation. The first theory about software, prior to the creation of computers as we know them today, was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1936 essay, On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem). Because of the proofs and the algorithm, she is considered the first computer programmer. She created proofs to show how the engine would calculate Bernoulli numbers. Software may also be written in a low-level assembly language that has a strong correspondence to the computer's machine language instructions and is translated into machine language using an assembler.Īn algorithm for what would have been the first piece of software was written by Ada Lovelace in the 19th century, for the planned Analytical Engine. High-level languages are translated into machine language using a compiler, an interpreter, or a combination of the two. They are easier and more efficient for programmers because they are closer to natural languages than machine languages. The majority of software is written in high-level programming languages. As of 2023, most personal computers, smartphone devices, and servers have processors with multiple execution units, or multiple processors performing computation together, so computing has become a much more concurrent activity than in the past. The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed to "jump" to a different instruction or is interrupted by the operating system. An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations, for example, displaying some text on a computer screen, causing state changes that should be visible to the user. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer-an effect that is not directly observable to the user. Machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work.Īt the lowest programming level, executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor-typically a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU). Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. The application software layer interfaces with the operating system, which in turn communicates with the hardware. A diagram showing how the user interacts with application software on a typical desktop computer.
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Print "Waiting for player to press a key and disconnect. SyncTERM is an ANSI-based terminal originally intended for browsing BBSs, but it works fine for SSH servers as well. My $response = "Player Connection Info: $player_address : $player_port. My $player_port = $player_socket->peerport() My $player_address = $player_socket->peerhost() Next unless $player_socket = $socket->accept() It wasn't long after I had working code for a telnet server! Official Synchronet BBS List (generated daily) (SyncTERM List File) Official Synchronet BBS List (live) And another live representation here. I read up on how to make a telnet server with Perl and from that reading I quickly learned about IO::Socket::INET. The first step was to get a telnet server that could accept multiple simultaneous connections. A forking telnet server, can you believe it? Fork yah! Okokok. This is where I found the modules to develop a telnet server. As of writing this article, CPAN currently has 208,034 Perl modules written by 14,179 authors. If you want to do something, chances are someone has already made a module for that. Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, or CPAN, is Perl's repository of code modules. If you code in another language, perhaps you've heard of it. This is an area I have little experience with and a great opportunity to learn. You can use SyncTERM like a remote video terminal to log into a central computer in a time-sharing network, just like in the good old days. I like it because it provides a nice retrofitted way of using the Raspberry Pi. I really like the idea of creating multiple processes with fork that can interact with each other. SyncTERM is an ANSI-based terminal originally intended for browsing BBSs, but it works fine for SSH servers as well. To me, this is a great opportunity to work with Fork. Depending on the specific game requirements, this does not necessarily mean players interacting with each other, but at least having multiple players connected at the same time to the same server. SyncTERM works the most consistent across these platforms, it's been around for a long time and is still actively being developed. I've tried many different clients, on Mac, Windows, and Linux. a desktop computer connected to the same network, with SyncTERM installed. a Raspberry Pi running Raspbian and connected to a network 2. SyncTERM is, in my opinion, the best available choice for cross-platform rendering of ANSI graphics over telnet. This tutorial will show you how to use the terminal emulator SyncTERM as a remote terminal to a Raspberry Pi. This being said, it wasn't long searching google before I came across SyncTERM. Since I was going with ANSI graphics, they are best known these days, for me at least, to be used in telnet/terminal clients and BBS's, which are mainly telnet based now. I feel much more comfortable, and interested in, working with server side code, as may be true for other Perl dev's out there. And honestly, it seemed too far outside my comfort level with Perl. I looked into it, and it just wasn't something I wanted to do. Initially, it all came down to my decision NOT to code the client side. I know, right!? I still ask myself the same question today, but at this point, I'm kinda committed. Well, at it's core, ANSI Game Engine is a very colourful and interactive telnet server. Check out the first article in this series If you want to start reading from the beginning. British police officers spend a great deal of time learning what is known in England as the phonetic alphabet. It is essential for services such as the police or ambulance driver dispatches. The use of a spelling alphabet has now spread to many other areas of life. In this new system, the word for “dog” would be spelt out as “Delta,” “Oscar,” “Golf.” During the latter part of 1951, an alphabet came into use which was for the sole purpose of civil aviation. The use of city names was later dropped, and words commonly used in foreign countries were put into use. It was soon realised that a global system was needed that could be used amongst other countries. Over the years this system was revised and improved. As an example, the word “dog” would be spelt out as “Denmark,” “Oslo,” “Gallipoli.” Before World War II, a system of using city names to indicate letters of the alphabet was in common usage. With letters and words being easily confused over the radio, the military came up with an alphabet to resolve the confusion. People working in aviation such as pilots needed to be sure they were flying into the correct territory, and landing on the right map coordinates. The need for a system to make English words clearer in phone conversations is military in origin. London is widely pronounced “Rondon” in Japan and coffee is given a softer sound with the word “Koohii.” It is in situations such as these that a spelling alphabet is of most use. For Japanese speakers of English the letters F and L are quite difficult to pronounce. The letters N and M are the most easily confused even during phone calls between English native speakers. Many letters in the alphabet can be easily confused. The use of a spelling alphabet will prevent these problems from happening. You do not want to receive a legal or financial document which is invalid due to being stamped with the wrong name. This could result in a document being sent to you with the name and address incorrect. If you have a name that is difficult to spell or a complicated address, it is easy for the other person to make a mistake. It is very easy for you to be misheard by the person answering the phone. How can you avoid falling into this tedious and time consuming trap? The solution to this audible irritant is to use a spelling system in your phone calls.Įven in the twenty-first century, the quality of telephone calls can often be very poor. The problem with this system is that if your name is spelt wrong, or certain details are incorrect, then the whole process may start from scratch. England is now preferring to complete application forms over the telephone rather than wasting paper by posting documents to applicants. The Flash Player has had it's icons and name changed to reflect the application it's launching. Flash can only execute external files if they are contained in a folder named "fscommand", therefore Nestopia and all of it's files have been migrated to this folder for this reason, and to avoid Nestopia's EXE file from showing up in the Portable Apps Menu. Nestopia updates it's config file on exit, all that's changed is the drive letter for the install paths before launching.Ī Batch file (portable.bat) is launched from a Stand Alone Flash Player which closes itself after executing the portable.bat. You can save all your preferences normally in-game, including Save States, they will be retained. If you need to make changes to the Batch file for specific settings you may require, you can find "portable.reg" inside Nestopia137bin\fscommand\. Your-drive-letter:\PortableApps\Nestopia137bin\fscommand\nestopia.exe PortableApps Folder on your Thumbdrive/Storage DeviceĮxample of correct install path to Nestopia.exe: I've had great success moving flash games and even Warcraft III on to my thumbdrive using this technique, most recently Nestopia.Įnough already, where's the darn download link already? I've come up with a very low-ball approach to executing batch files from PAM using a ResHacked stand alone Flash Playe(Projector). PLEASE DO NOT ASK ME, OR MAKE REQUESTS IN THIS THREAD FOR ROMS OR WHERE TO FIND THEM. PLEASE NOTE: THIS POST IS NOT ABOUT ROMS OR PIRACY. When you end sentences and speeches abruptly, “Hey-” she began, for example-these are where Em dashes should be used. Em dashes : convert double dash to EM dash.Ī double dash - is different from a hyphen, which is different from an En dash, and different again from an Em dash-of which this is one. Use the Advanced Search functions (CNTL/CMD+”h”) to find all tabs and remove them (they sprout mysteriously, so even if you’re sure you don’t have any in your document, search anyway). Tabs in your document can make some ebook compilers crash, or give error readings and refuse to import your Word file. They will automatically format themselves, when you do. In MS Word, make sure your options are set to replace quotes with smart quotes, then search and replace all single quote marks, then all double quote marks. Curly quotes give a better reader experience and most bookseller platforms require them. “Curly” quotes are formatted to enclose the speech, while “straight” quotes are the same for front and back. Single and double quote marks - be sure they are curly Last slow read through to catch all grammar changes, typos, etc. If you leave xxx’s or other marks in your manuscript to flag your attention for later research (and for why you might do that, see here), now is the time to search for all of them and replace them with the correct spelling/reference/fact. When I’m asked if I know any other languages I say “Yes, I can read and write in British, Australian, Canadian and American English.” Search all xxx’s and replace However, I’ve published both ways – native and US – and found it much less hassle to use US English, as readers raised with all other versions of English are quite comfortable with US English. There are valid arguments for publishing in your native version of English, and I’m not discounting them. Non-US authors should consider publishing in US English to avoid negative reviews and reader unhappiness. If you’re not familiar with the Search & Replace dashboard check out Tom Corson Knowles video for Mac users, or this resource for Windows users. Most of the cleaning up requires the use of the Advanced Search and Replace function in Word. These steps can also be reproduced in other text editors, but the functions might be called different names, or the process required to complete the step performed slightly differently. If you pay for someone else to compile your books, giving them a clean Word file will make them very happy and you will get your ebooks returned a lot faster.Įditors at traditional publishing houses will also appreciate a well-formatted Word file, for the same reasons you or your compiler will. If you use compilers such as Jutoh, Atticus or Vellum, the clean file will also reduce bad results when you import to those apps. Following these suggestions will give you a “clean” MS Word file that compiles to ePub and Mobi without mysterious blank pages and extra lines in it, and with chapter headings properly formatted. The simultaneous research system will unlock more new buildings for the player to build for the empire. DEVELOP AND BUILD NEW STRUCTURES FOR THE EMPIRE The player must also prioritize the functions necessary to satisfy the empire’s satisfaction or resources in conquest and territory expansion. In other words, it is the parent system, and everything that goes with it will add new features or performance to upgrade or develop the capabilities of an empire. In addition to balancing the systems, the Great Conqueror will introduce a research system for players to upgrade everything. In addition, spending on each system requires a lot of connection, and from there, gradually forms essential foundations for the empire to develop. Depending on different development methods, players can focus on one branch or balance everything to ensure the output is always excellent. MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS AND SYSTEMS TO MANAGEĪ player’s empire cannot run on its own, and they need to manage everything for economic stability, education, and other factors to make it perfect. Depending on the match’s progress, the army control system in Great Conqueror will be diverse for everyone to show powerful tactics. Fortunately, each fight has simple modes or styles for everyone to catch up on quickly, starting with using effective combat tactics or methods. If the player wants to conquer the neighboring countries, they need to go through many complicated wars starting from the border to the capital. INTRIGUING BATTLE MECHANISM TO CONQUER THE WORLD The world will also constantly be based on every player’s actions, and they will have many changes in strategy for players to catch up. Therefore, the player’s task is to continue the great path of the Roman conqueror and continuously expand the territory through various methods to build a great empire. The world map is based on when the Roman Empire was still expanding significantly in Europe. AN EXPANSIVE WORLD POTENTIAL-FILLED TO CONQUER Depending on a particular way of fighting or dominating, they can build a perfect empire, whether cultural or military power. Meanwhile, it allows players to strive to become one of the greatest conquerors of the Roman Empire. Great Conqueror introduces an economic strategy gameplay mechanic with depth and potential for players to enjoy the genre’s most unique quintessence. WELL-DEVELOPED ECONOMIC STRATEGY GAMEPLAY Depending on each person’s ruling, they will have many methods to become the greatest conqueror of the Roman Empire. It also has many deep systems to expand the potential in gameplay while creating more situations or rich entertainment. Lieutenant: Forces led by Lieutenant, Attack +1, Durability supplies 30, Max durability +25%, Four-round cooldown.Great Conqueror is a strategy game full of complexity that immerses the player in unique wars in any situation. Staff sergeant: Forces led by Staff sergeant, Attack +1, Durability supplies 25, Max durability +20%, Four-round cooldown. Sergeant: Forces led by Sergeant, Durability supplies 20, Max durability +15%, Four-round cooldown. Corporal: Forces led by Corporal, Durability supplies 15, Max durability +10%, Four-round cooldown. Private: Forces led by Private, Durability supplies 10, Max durability +5%, Four-round cooldown. Bronze: Each round gives you 10% extra production and industry values. Bronze: All land forces you build are with carriers. Bronze: New armour forces are upgraded to level 1. Bronze: New artillery is upgraded to level 1. Bronze: Gives your air forces more combat power. Bronze: New infantry will receive assault and defense art. There are seven categories of medals available. This game features more content than the game that came before it, including new countries, missions, and medals. Like its predecessor, World Conqueror 2 is a turn-based strategy game set during World War II. World Conqueror 2 is the second game in the World Conqueror series. So I wonder if some aspect of the behaviour in this area has changed. I must confess that I don't remember what the settings were under El Capitan but I would hope they hadn't been changed but you can't take that for granted. I suspect it is the Power Nap setting that did it. That seems to have changed the temperature issue back to how it was before upgrading to High Sierra (ie it was quite cool when I picked it up after leaving it with the lid closed). Looking at the energy saver set up in system preferences, I finally decided to disable the wifi and Power Nap boxes under Power Adaptor as I tend to leave the MBP connected to the power when I am not using it. After being completely boggled on the internet trying to understand sleep/hibernation/standby I gave up on that side of things. I still believe that iStat Menus used sufficient resources to make a noticeable difference to the temperatures but other factors seem to be at play.ĭespite switching off iStat, I still had the MBP warm in the morning after supposedly being "sleeping". I have been active on my MBP even if not on the forum. I am not inclined to pay for something that I have to completely hamstring to prevent it doing this. Has anyone else noticed this and if so are there any suggestions as to how it should be used to avoid the issue. Switching it off gave an immediate cooling down of the laptop and changing the global setting from medium to slow update frequency also gave a noticeable temperature decrease. Further investigation clearly showed it was iStat Menus. At first I thought it was High Sierra as I have only just upgraded but it then occurred to me that it could be iStat Menus. I close the lid and expect it to go to sleep. I was very surprised this morning to find that my MBP was warm as if it had been active overnight. It works OK and I was happy with the summary on the menu bar. Looking at reviews iStat Menus seemed quite good. I tried XRG and didn't think too much of it. I looked at Activity monitor which is just too much info. Main reason I am trying it is that I want a replacement for the discontinued widget iStat Pro just so that from time to time I can look at aspects of the machines performance. Unobtrusive menu bar solution for keeping an eye on your Mac’s resources usageĪll in all, if you are looking for a low-key tool for monitoring the way in which your Mac deals with the available resources, iStat Menus certainly deserves your attention.I have just downloaded and installed iStat Menus as a 14 day trial. In addition, you may also adjust the update frequency for the data displayed in the menus: fast, medium, or slow. IStat Menus comes with 9 styles for the menu bar theme (black, blue, fire, graphite, green, pink, purple, red, and white), 2 drop down themes (dark and light), and allows you to adjust the status bar graph background opacity. Moreover, you can select the sensors you want to monitor, set up warnings for specific battery levels, and more. Customize its status bar menu's appearance in no time Note that each menu comes with its own customization options: you can change the way in which the information is displayed or the color palette. In addition, you can create a single menu that combines multiple elements. IStat Menus analyzes and provides usage data and separate status bar menus for the following elements: CPU&GPU, Memory, Disks, Network, Sensors, Battery (if available), or Time (can show the local time for different cities). Once this is taken care of, the menus will be present in your status bar at all times: simply click on the respective icon and the drop down panel will provide more statistical data. Easily accessible information about various types of resources IStat Menus comprises multiple status bar menus so, right of the bat, you must select the ones you want active and personalize their behavior to match your own needs. IStat Menus is a Mac app that provides quick access to this type of information via your status bar. Keeping an eye on your Mac’s resources is advisable because this way you can understand more about your computer and you can identify possible issues sooner. Reproduction is prohibited other than in accordance with the copyright notice, which forms part of these terms and conditions.Īll trademarks reproduced in this website, which are not the property of, or licensed to the operator, are acknowledged on the website. This material includes, but is not limited to, the design, layout, look, appearance and graphics. This website contains material which is owned by or licensed to us. It shall be your own responsibility to ensure that any products, services or information available through this website meet your specific requirements. Your use of any information or materials on this website is entirely at your own risk, for which we shall not be liable. You acknowledge that such information and materials may contain inaccuracies or errors and we expressly exclude liability for any such inaccuracies or errors to the fullest extent permitted by law. Neither we nor any third parties provide any warranty or guarantee as to the accuracy, timeliness, performance, completeness or suitability of the information and materials found or offered on this website for any particular purpose. The content of the pages of this website is for your general information and use only. The use of this website is subject to the following terms of use: The term ‘you’ refers to the user or viewer of our website. The term ‘Trailers R Us’ or ‘us’ or ‘we’ refers to the owner of the website whose registered office is Unit 6 / 15 Landy Street, Northgate QLD 4013. If you disagree with any part of these terms and conditions, please do not use our website. If you continue to browse and use this website, you are agreeing to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions of use, which together with our privacy policy govern Trailers R Us’s relationship with you in relation to this website. Now if you move the hand or the pelvis you’ll have your dynamics, but if you move the main control you won’t see any effect. The only thing you need is to parent “yourobject_INIT” to the main control. Good.īut what if you don’t want to have the dynamic effect when moving the main control? Now, if you move the hand or any of its parents you will get the inertial behavior as expected. Suppose also that this control is parented under the pelvis and the pelvis under the character’s main control. Let’s suppose you applied ZVD to the IK control of your character’s hand. In any case it’s important for you to understand where in the hierarchy you should place this object.īasically the position of “yourobject_INIT” in the hierarchy determines the dynamics space. In the case you choose “Runge-Kutta” method, you will not be able to apply any field to it. This is where you should attach the fields to (if any). In the case you selected one of the particle methods, “yourobject_INIT” will be the particle object. My suggestion : unless you need to add some field, you may choose “Runge-Kutta” method. So, once your animation is completed and you are ready to render, you can convert the dynamics into keyframes. So if for instance you want to add a gravity field… then it’s better you choose a particle method. “Runge-Kutta” node doesn’t support fields. I am using angular material tabs and I would like to know how could I translate the text of the tag using i18n.rigger (scaffolder): rigger Gerstbauer ( in) m (f) 3. No particles, no expressions are used here, just simple node connections! The result is a cleaner file. rigger NAUT: rigger Takler ( in) m (f) spec One example from the Internet 2. It calculates all the dynamic stuff in one node. “Runge-Kutta” is a plugin I introduced in the 2.0 version of ZVD. So… if you don’t like expressions or particles don’t use these methods! Both “Particle” and “nParticle” methods use a particle and an expression to do the trick.On the other hand, a file that uses “Particle” method will run perfectly on previous versions of Maya too. The permanent exhibition in this building which was also used as a granary in the past presents typical maritime trades in the sluice harbour: shipbuilder, rigger, block-maker, rope-maker, sail-maker and ship s blacksmith. These pages describe its usage and primary features. Old Vicarage on the west side of the historic harbour. So if you want to open the file in a previous version of Maya… it won’t work at all! Gunn cut Reinforced index finger, palm & knuckle protection Shirred EVA (Ethylene-vinyl acetate) safety cuff Pull tabs & leather padded. Control Rigs are the primary assets you will be using to create your rigs. “Particle” and “nParticle” are exactly the same thing except that “nParticle” is the new cool particle system introduced in Maya 2009.The decision is mainly a matter of compatibility and trade-offs. So… should you roll the dice? Well… not necessarily. XSLT 2.0, 3.0 and EXSLT are not an option due to the limitations of the converting system.Essentially you get the same dynamic effect whether you choose “Particle”, “nParticle” or “Runge-Kutta”. I'm admittedly confused and don't know enough about XSLT 1.0. rigger UK: /r/ US: (rig r) definition in French Conjugacin ES English synonyms Conjugator EN in context images WordReference Collins WordReference English-Spanish Dictionary 2023: Is something important missing Report an error or suggest an improvement. However, no matter how I change the code, the span elements are either missing in the output (if I try to assign it via an xsl:variable like above) or it doesn't properly convert the XML escaped characters representing the angular brackets > What I have within an XHTML document is a pre element that contains tab characters, and I found an XSLT string replace template function which I'm using to try to replace the tabs with tabs surrounded by spans: I've been bashing my head against XSLT character replacement with HTML elements to no avail and can't for the life of me figure out how to get XSLT to replace a tab with a span element containing a tab. (which you can find here: German Cases Explained – part 1 ) we wasted some time with an introduction, and then we talked about the cases nobody really cares about. The actual title of the mini series is of course German cases aren’t really fun, but they’re not THAT much not fun. So from our research, we can say that ausrichten is not a dative verb.And welcome to the second part of our Mini Series on German cases, fitting called So this object should be in the accusative: Ich richte eine Veranstaltung aus. Is there a direct object? Yes - the event. For example, if the sentence is "I am organizing an event," then is there motion towards? No. Ausrichten has a variety of different meanings, but you can also apply the two questions to whatever sentence you're using it in to double check as well. If we check Leo, we can see that there are a number of situations where ausrichten will be followed by the accusative - and some where it will often have an object in the dative too (). Is there a direct object when a person or object stays somewhere? No - so, again, it should be dative.įor ausrichten, it doesn't come up on dative verb lists. It also gets concrete results in the two question tests: If you or something is staying somewhere, is there motion towards? No - so it should be dative. If we look for dative verb lists, bleiben comes up on some (). How about bleiben "to stay" and ausrichten "to position / to aim"? Thanks to the strategies above, we can conclude that ausgehen does indeed normally take a dative object - if it needs to take any object at all. So the things should be in the nominative and the people should be in the dative: Uns geht das Papier aus "We are running out of paper." So, we ask ourselves: Is there a direct object in our sentence? There isn't in the German version: things run out for people in German. If "no," then you should use the dative.įor example, if we use ausgehen to talk about running out of things, such as paper, then this isn't a very literal sentence like our previous example was. In these situations, we'll have to get more grammatical - you can try asking yourself: Is there a direct object here? If "yes," then you should use the accusative. In less literal sentences, the motion towards question often isn't any help. So it will be dative: Ich gehe aus dem Haus. Ausgegangen is actually the past participle of ausgehen "to go out." Is there motion towards with "to go out" in the sentence you're using? If your sentence is something like "I am going out of the house," there isn't any towards anything in that sentence. This isn't a 100%, always-right kind of rule (every language has exceptions), but it can often help you out with more literal sentences. If your answer is "no," then you probably need to use the dative case. A good question to ask yourself is this: Is there motion towards (something)? If your answer is "yes," then you probably need to use the accusative case. Telling whether a verb takes the dative or the accusative can be tricky. If neither of these avenues help, though, you can try asking yourself these questions: If you're trying to figure out whether a verb exclusively takes the dative (or another case), then the best strategies are to either a) check lists of dative verbs, or b) look in a dictionary like Leo () - for many verbs, Leo includes the case that the verb takes in superscript, so that you know what case to use in what situation. |